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What happend on 31. July in History
In our data base we found 336 events happened on 31. July:
• 1009: Pope Sergius IV becomes the 142nd pope, succeeding Pope John XVIII. [category: Events]
• 1143: Emperor Nijō of Japan (d. 1165) [category: Births]
• 1201: Attempted usurpation of John Komnenos the Fat. [category: Events]
• 1358: Etienne Marcel, French peasant revolutionary leader during the Jacquerie [category: Deaths]
• 1396: Philip the Good, French son of John the Fearless (d. 1467) [category: Births]
GADS SCRIPT HERE
• 1396: William Courtenay, English Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1342) [category: Deaths]
• 1423: Hundred Years' War: Battle of Cravant – the French army is defeated at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne. [category: Events]
• 1451: Jacques Cœur is arrested by order of Charles VII of France. [category: Events]
• 1492: The Jews are expelled from Spain when the Alhambra Decree takes effect. [category: Events]
• 1498: On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to discover the island of Trinidad. [category: Events]
• 1508: Na'od, Ethiopian emperor (b. 1494) [category: Deaths]
• 1527: Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1576) [category: Births]
• 1556: Ignatius of Loyola, Spanish priest and theologian, founded the Society of Jesus (b. 1491) [category: Deaths]
• 1588: The Spanish Armada is spotted off the coast of England. [category: Events]
• 1598: Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor (d. 1654) [category: Births]
• 1653: Thomas Dudley, English-American politician, Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1576) [category: Deaths]
• 1655: Russo-Polish War (1654–1667): the Russian army enters the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnius, which it holds for six years. [category: Events]
• 1658: Aurangzeb is proclaimed Moghul emperor of India. [category: Events]
• 1667: Second Anglo-Dutch War: Treaty of Breda ends the conflict. [category: Events]
• 1702: Jean Denis Attiret, French missionary and painter (d. 1768) [category: Births]
GADS SCRIPT HERE
• 1703: Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory for the crime of seditious libel after publishing a politically satirical pamphlet, but is pelted with flowers. [category: Events]
• 1704: Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician (d. 1752) [category: Births]
• 1715: A Spanish treasure fleet of 10 ships under Admiral Ubilla leaves Havana, Cuba for Spain. Seven days later, 9 of them sink in a storm off the coast of Florida. A few centuries later, treasure is salvaged from these wrecks. [category: Events]
• 1718: John Canton, English physicist (d. 1772) [category: Births]
• 1724: Noël François de Wailly, French lexicographer (d. 1801) [category: Births]
• 1726: Nicolaus II Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1695) [category: Deaths]
• 1737: Princess Augusta of Great Britain (d. 1813) [category: Births]
• 1741: Charles Albert of Bavaria invades Upper Austria and Bohemia. [category: Events]
• 1750: John V of Portugal (b. 1689) [category: Deaths]
• 1762: Luis Vicente de Velasco e Isla Spanish sailor and commander (b. 1711) [category: Deaths]
• 1763: Odawa Chief Pontiac's forces defeat British troops at the Battle of Bloody Run during Pontiac's War. [category: Events]
• 1777: Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Argentine statesman and priest (d. 1849) [category: Births]
• 1777: The U.S. Second Continental Congress passes a resolution that the services of Gilbert du Motier "be accepted, and that, in consideration of his zeal, illustrious family and connexions, he have the rank and commission of major-general of the United States." [category: Events]
• 1784: Denis Diderot, French philosopher and writer (b. 1713) [category: Deaths]
• 1790: The first U.S. patent is issued, to inventor Samuel Hopkins for a potash process. [category: Events]
• 1800: Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist (d. 1882) [category: Births]
• 1803: John Ericsson, Swedish inventor and engineer, co-designed the Novelty Locomotive (d. 1889) [category: Births]
• 1805: Dheeran Chinnamalai, Indian Freedom Fighter (b. 1756) [category: Deaths]
• 1816: George Henry Thomas, American general (d. 1870) [category: Births]
• 1825: William S. Clark, American senator and scholar (d. 1886) [category: Births]
• 1835: Henri Brisson, French politician, 50th Prime Minister of France (d. 1912) [category: Births]
• 1835: Paul du Chaillu, French explorer (d. 1903) [category: Births]
• 1837: William Quantrill, American chemist, educator, and soldier (d. 1865) [category: Births]
• 1843: Peter Rosegger, Austrian poet (d. 1918) [category: Births]
• 1847: Ignacio Cervantes, Cuban pianist and composer (d. 1905) [category: Births]
• 1856: Christchurch, New Zealand is chartered as a city. [category: Events]
• 1858: Richard Dixon Oldham, English geologist (d. 1936) [category: Births]
• 1860: Mary Vaux Walcott, American painter and naturalist (d. 1940) [category: Births]
• 1864: Louis Christophe François Hachette, French publisher (b. 1800) [category: Deaths]
• 1865: The first narrow gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Queensland, Australia. [category: Events]
• 1867: S. S. Kresge, American businessman, founded Kmart (d. 1966) [category: Births]
• 1875: Andrew Johnson, American politician, 17th President of the United States (b. 1808) [category: Deaths]
• 1877: Auguste Daumain, French cyclist [category: Births]
• 1880: Premchand, Indian author (d. 1936) [category: Births]
• 1883: Ramón Fonst, Cuban fencer (d. 1959) [category: Births]
• 1884: Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, German politician (d. 1945) [category: Births]
• 1884: Kien Phuc, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1869) [category: Deaths]
• 1886: Fred Quimby, American animator and producer (d. 1965) [category: Births]
• 1886: Harry Tate, American soccer player (d. 1954) [category: Births]
• 1886: Salvatore Maranzano, Italian-American mobster (d. 1931) [category: Births]
• 1886: Franz Liszt, Hungarian composer (b. 1811) [category: Deaths]
• 1887: Hans Freyer, German sociologist (d. 1969) [category: Births]
• 1892: Herbert W. Armstrong, American evangelist, author, and publisher (d. 1986) [category: Births]
• 1892: Joseph Charbonneau, French-Canadian Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 1959) [category: Births]
• 1894: Fred Keenor, Welsh footballer (d. 1972) [category: Births]
• 1901: Jean Dubuffet, French painter and sculptor (d. 1985) [category: Births]
• 1904: Brett Halliday, American writer (d. 1977) [category: Births]
• 1907: Roy Milton, American singer, drummer and bandleader (d. 1983) [category: Births]
• 1909: Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, Austrian writer and theorist (d. 1999) [category: Births]
• 1911: George Liberace, American violinist and arranger (d. 1983) [category: Births]
• 1912: Bill Brown, Australian cricketer (d. 2008) [category: Births]
• 1912: Irv Kupcinet, American columnist (d. 2003) [category: Births]
• 1912: Milton Friedman, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006) [category: Births]
• 1913: Bryan Hextall, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1984) [category: Births]
• 1913: The Balkan States signs an armistice at Bucharest. [category: Events]
• 1914: Louis de Funès, French actor and comedian (d. 1983) [category: Births]
• 1914: Paul J. Christiansen, American conductor and composer (d. 1997) [category: Births]
• 1914: Jean Jaurès, French politician (d. 1859) [category: Deaths]
• 1916: Bill Todman, American game show producer (d. 1979) [category: Births]
• 1916: Billy Hitchcock, American baseball player (d. 2006) [category: Births]
• 1916: Sibte Hassan, Pakistani activist (d. 1986) [category: Births]
• 1917: Francis Ledwidge, Irish poet (b. 1881) [category: Deaths]
• 1917: Hedd Wyn, Welsh poet (b. 1887) [category: Deaths]
• 1918: Frank Renouf, New Zealand businessman and financier (d. 1998) [category: Births]
• 1918: Hank Jones, American pianist, bandleader, and composer (d. 2010) [category: Births]
• 1918: Paul D. Boyer, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate [category: Births]
• 1919: Curt Gowdy, American sportscaster (d. 2006) [category: Births]
• 1919: Primo Levi, Italian chemist and author (d. 1987) [category: Births]
• 1919: German national assembly adopts the Weimar Constitution, which comes into force on August 14. [category: Events]
• 1920: James E. Faust, American religious leader, lawyer, and politician (d. 2007) [category: Births]
• 1920: Percy Herbert, English actor (d. 1992) [category: Births]
• 1920: Ion Dragoumis, Greek diplomat and writer (b. 1878) [category: Deaths]
• 1921: Donald Malarkey, American soldier [category: Births]
• 1921: Peter Benenson, English lawyer and activist, founder of Amnesty International (d. 2005) [category: Births]
• 1921: Whitney Young, American civil rights activist (d. 1971) [category: Births]
• 1922: Hank Bauer, American baseball player and manager (d. 2007) [category: Births]
• 1923: Ahmet Ertegun, Turkish-American record producer, founded Atlantic Records (d. 2006) [category: Births]
• 1923: Jimmy Evert, American tennis player and coach [category: Births]
• 1926: Bernard Nathanson, American doctor and activist (d. 2011) [category: Births]
• 1926: Hilary Putnam, American philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist [category: Births]
• 1929: Don Murray, American actor [category: Births]
• 1929: Gilles Carle, Canadian director and screenwriter (d. 2009) [category: Births]
• 1929: José Santamaría, Uruguayan footballer and coach [category: Births]
• 1929: Lynne Reid Banks, English author [category: Births]
• 1930: Oleg Popov, Russian clown [category: Births]
• 1930: The radio mystery program The Shadow airs for the first time. [category: Events]
• 1931: Ivan Rebroff, German singer (d. 2008) [category: Births]
• 1931: Kenny Burrell, American guitarist [category: Births]
• 1931: Nick Bollettieri, American tennis coach [category: Births]
• 1931: New York, New York experimental television station W2XAB (now known as WCBS) begins broadcasts. [category: Events]
• 1932: John Searle, American philosopher [category: Births]
• 1932: Ted Cassidy, American actor (d. 1979) [category: Births]
• 1932: The NSDAP (Nazi Party) wins more than 38% of the vote in German elections. [category: Events]
• 1933: Cees Nooteboom, Dutch writer [category: Births]
• 1935: Geoffrey Lewis, American actor [category: Births]
• 1935: Yvon Deschamps, Canadian comedian, actor, and author [category: Births]
• 1936: Vic Davalillo, Venezuelan baseball player [category: Births]
• 1938: Archaeologists discover engraved gold and silver plates from King Darius the Great in Persepolis. [category: Events]
• 1938: Bulgaria signs a non-aggression pact with Greece and other states of Balkan Antanti (Turkey, Romania, Yugoslavia). [category: Events]
• 1939: France Nuyen, French actress [category: Births]
• 1940: Carol J. Clover, American academic and author [category: Births]
• 1940: Roy Walker, Irish comedian, actor, and game show host [category: Births]
• 1940: Udham Singh, Indian activist (b. 1899) [category: Deaths]
• 1940: A doodlebug train in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio collides with a multi-car freight train heading in the opposite direction, killing 43 people. [category: Events]
• 1941: Amarsinh Chaudhary, Indian politician (d. 2004) [category: Births]
• 1941: Under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring, orders SS General R. Heydrich to submit a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired Final Solution of the Jewish question. [category: Events]
• 1943: Lobo, American singer-songwriter and guitarist [category: Births]
• 1943: Sab Shimono, American actor [category: Births]
• 1943: Susan Flannery, American actress [category: Births]
• 1943: William Bennett, American politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Education [category: Births]
• 1943: Hedley Verity, English cricketer (b. 1905) [category: Deaths]
• 1944: Geraldine Chaplin, American actress [category: Births]
• 1944: Jonathan Dimbleby, English journalist [category: Births]
• 1944: Robert C. Merton, American mathematician [category: Births]
• 1944: Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, French pilot and writer (b. 1900) [category: Deaths]
• 1945: Gary Lewis, American singer and drummer (Gary Lewis & the Playboys) [category: Births]
• 1945: William Weld, American politician, 68th Governor of Massachusetts [category: Births]
• 1945: Pierre Laval, the fugitive former leader of Vichy France, surrenders to Allied soldiers in Austria. [category: Events]
• 1946: Karen Zerby, American religious leader [category: Births]
• 1947: Richard Griffiths, English actor [category: Births]
• 1948: At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport) is dedicated. [category: Events]
• 1948: USS Nevada (BB-36) is sunk by an aerial torpedo after surviving hits from two atomic bombs (as part of post-war tests) and being used for target practice by three other ships. [category: Events]
• 1950: Lane Davies, American actor [category: Births]
• 1951: Barry Van Dyke, American actor [category: Births]
• 1951: Evonne Goolagong, Australian tennis player [category: Births]
• 1951: Werner Novak, German footballer [category: Births]
• 1952: Alan Autry, American football player and politician [category: Births]
• 1952: Chris Ahrens, American ice hockey player [category: Births]
• 1952: Helmuts Balderis, Latvian ice hockey player [category: Births]
• 1952: João Barreiros, Portuguese writer [category: Births]
• 1953: James Read, American actor [category: Births]
• 1953: Jimmy Cook, South African cricketer [category: Births]
• 1953: Ted Baillieu, Australian politician [category: Births]
• 1953: Georg Zacharias, German swimmer (b. 1884) [category: Deaths]
• 1953: Robert Taft, American politician (b. 1889) [category: Deaths]
• 1954: Derek Smith, Canadian ice hockey player [category: Births]
• 1954: Onofre Marimón, Argentine race car driver (b. 1923) [category: Deaths]
• 1954: First ascent of K2, by an Italian expedition led by Ardito Desio. [category: Events]
• 1955: Jakie Quartz, French singer [category: Births]
• 1956: Bill Callahan, American football coach [category: Births]
• 1956: Deval Patrick, American politician, 71st Governor of Massachusetts [category: Births]
• 1956: Michael Biehn, American actor [category: Births]
• 1956: Ron Kuby, American lawyer and radio host [category: Births]
• 1956: Jim Laker becomes the first man to take all 10 wickets in a Test match innings as he returns figures of 10/53 in the Australian 2nd innings. This combined with his 9/37 in the first innings gave him match figures of 19/90 in the 4th Test at Old Trafford. [category: Events]
• 1957: Daniel Ash, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Bauhaus, Love and Rockets, and Tones on Tail) [category: Births]
• 1957: Dirk Blocker, American actor [category: Births]
• 1957: Leon Durham, American baseball player [category: Births]
• 1958: Bill Berry, American singer-songwriter and drummer (R.E.M. and Hindu Love Gods) [category: Births]
• 1958: Wally Kurth, American actor and singer [category: Births]
• 1959: Andrew Marr, English journalist [category: Births]
• 1959: Stanley Jordan, American guitarist and songwriter [category: Births]
• 1960: Dale Hunter, Canadian ice hockey player [category: Births]
• 1961: At Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts, the first All-Star Game tie in Major League Baseball history occurs when the game is stopped in the 9th inning because of rain. [category: Events]
• 1962: John Chiang, American politician [category: Births]
• 1962: Kevin Greene, American football player [category: Births]
• 1962: Wesley Snipes, American martial artist, actor, and producer [category: Births]
• 1963: Brian Skrudland, Canadian ice hockey player [category: Births]
• 1963: Norman Cook, English musician and producer (The Housemartins, Freak Power, Beats International, and Pizzaman) [category: Births]
• 1963: Sir Robert Chapman, 1st Baronet, English soldier and politician (b. 1880) [category: Deaths]
• 1964: Jim Corr, Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Corrs) [category: Births]
• 1964: Jim Reeves, American singer-songwriter (b. 1923) [category: Deaths]
• 1964: Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the moon, with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound telescopes. [category: Events]
• 1965: J. K. Rowling, English author [category: Births]
• 1965: John Laurinaitis, American wrestler [category: Births]
• 1965: Julian Richards, English director [category: Births]
• 1965: Pat Finn, American actor [category: Births]
• 1965: Scott Brooks, American basketball player and coach [category: Births]
• 1966: Dean Cain, American actor [category: Births]
• 1966: Kevin Martin, Canadian curler [category: Births]
• 1966: Tatsuya Ishihara, Japanese animator and director [category: Births]
• 1966: Bud Powell, American pianist (b. 1924) [category: Deaths]
• 1967: Minako Honda, Japanese singer and actress (d. 2005) [category: Births]
• 1967: Mitsuo Iwata, Japanese voice actor [category: Births]
• 1967: Tim Wright, Welsh composer [category: Births]
• 1967: Tony Massenburg, American basketball player [category: Births]
• 1968: Mark Cuban, American businessman, inverter, and author [category: Births]
• 1968: Saeed-Al-Saffar, Emirati cricketer [category: Births]
• 1969: Kenneth D. Schisler, American politician [category: Births]
• 1969: Kid Kash, American wrestler [category: Births]
• 1969: Loren Dean, American actor [category: Births]
• 1970: Ahmad Akbarpour, Iranian author [category: Births]
• 1970: Amanda Stepto, Canadian actress [category: Births]
• 1970: Andrzej Kobylański, Polish footballer [category: Births]
• 1970: Ben Chaplin, English actor [category: Births]
• 1970: Dave Wedge, American journalist [category: Births]
• 1970: Giorgos Sigalas, Greek basketball player [category: Births]
• 1970: Walter Briggs, Jr., American businessman (b. 1912) [category: Deaths]
• 1970: Black Tot Day: The last day of the officially sanctioned rum ration in the Royal Navy. [category: Events]
• 1971: Gus Frerotte, American football player [category: Births]
• 1971: John 5, American guitarist and songwriter (2wo, Loser, and Red Square Black) [category: Births]
• 1971: Apollo program: Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to ride in a lunar rover. [category: Events]
• 1972: Giorgos Kapoutzidis, Greek screenwriter and actor [category: Births]
• 1972: Paul-Henri Spaak, Belgian politician, Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1899) [category: Deaths]
• 1972: The Troubles: In Operation Motorman, the British Army re-takes the urban no-go areas of Northern Ireland. [category: Events]
• 1973: Fabulous Flournoy American basketball player and coach [category: Births]
• 1973: Nathan Brown, Australian rugby player [category: Births]
• 1973: Wail al-Shehri, Saudi Arabian terrorist, hijacker of American Airlines Flight 11 (d. 2001) [category: Births]
• 1973: Azumafuji Kin'ichi, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 40th Yokozuna (b. 1921) [category: Deaths]
• 1973: A Delta Air Lines jetliner, flight DL 723 crashes while landing in fog at Logan International Airport, Boston, Massachusetts killing 89. [category: Events]
• 1974: Emilia Fox, English actress [category: Births]
• 1974: Jonathan Ogden, American football player [category: Births]
• 1975: Allan von Schenkel, American bassist and composer [category: Births]
• 1975: Andrew Hall, South African cricketer [category: Births]
• 1975: Gabe Kapler, American baseball player and manager [category: Births]
• 1975: Mike Lincoln, American baseball player [category: Births]
• 1975: Randy Flores, American baseball player [category: Births]
• 1975: Ruben Patterson, American basketball player [category: Births]
• 1975: Simon Hirst, English radio host [category: Births]
• 1975: The Troubles: three members of a popular cabaret band and two gunmen are killed during a botched paramilitary attack in Northern Ireland. [category: Events]
• 1976: Joshua Cain, American guitarist and producer (Motion City Soundtrack) [category: Births]
• 1976: Paulo Wanchope, Costa Rican footballer [category: Births]
• 1977: Tim Couch, American football player [category: Births]
• 1978: Justin Wilson, English race car driver [category: Births]
• 1978: Nick Sorensen, American football player [category: Births]
• 1978: Will Champion, English drummer and singer (Coldplay) [category: Births]
• 1978: Zeta Makripoulia, Greek actress and model [category: Births]
• 1979: B. J. Novak, American actor [category: Births]
• 1979: Carlos Marchena, Spanish footballer [category: Births]
• 1979: J. J. Furmaniak, American baseball player [category: Births]
• 1979: Jaco Erasmus, South African-Italian rugby player [category: Births]
• 1979: Jade Kwan, Hong Kong singer [category: Births]
• 1979: Per Krøldrup, Danish footballer [category: Births]
• 1980: Mikko Hirvonen, Finnish race car driver [category: Births]
• 1980: Mils Muliaina, New Zealand rugby player [category: Births]
• 1980: Rina Aiuchi, Japanese singer [category: Births]
• 1980: Mohammed Rafi, Indian singer (b. 1924) [category: Deaths]
• 1980: Pascual Jordan, German physicist (b. 1902) [category: Deaths]
• 1981: D. J. Hackett, American football player [category: Births]
• 1981: Eric Lively, American actor [category: Births]
• 1981: Ira Losco, Maltese singer [category: Births]
• 1981: J.Son Dinant, American comedian and actor [category: Births]
• 1981: M. Shadows, American singer-songwriter (Avenged Sevenfold) [category: Births]
• 1981: Titus Bramble, English footballer [category: Births]
• 1981: Vernon Carey, American football player [category: Births]
• 1981: Omar Torrijos, Panamanian general (b. 1929) [category: Deaths]
• 1982: Anabel Medina Garrigues, Spanish tennis player [category: Births]
• 1982: Blessing Mahwire, Zimbabwean cricketer [category: Births]
• 1982: DeMarcus Ware, American football player [category: Births]
• 1982: Jack Korpela, American sportscaster [category: Births]
• 1982: Jeff DaRosa, American singer and bass player (Dropkick Murphys and The Exit) [category: Births]
• 1982: Raymond Pickard, English actor [category: Births]
• 1983: Rebecca Atkinson, English actress [category: Births]
• 1984: Felipe dal Belo, Brazilian footballer [category: Births]
• 1984: Joseph Benavidez, American mixed martial artist [category: Births]
• 1985: Daniel Ciofani, Italian footballer [category: Births]
• 1985: Rémy Di Gregorio, French cyclist [category: Births]
• 1985: Shannon Curfman, American singer and guitarist [category: Births]
• 1985: Eugene Carson Blake, American religious leader, President of the National Council of Churches (b. 1906) [category: Deaths]
• 1986: Brian Orakpo, American football player [category: Births]
• 1986: Evgeni Malkin, Russian ice hockey player [category: Births]
• 1986: Chiune Sugihara, Japanese diplomat (b. 1900) [category: Deaths]
• 1986: Teddy Wilson, American pianist (b. 1912) [category: Deaths]
• 1987: Brittany Byrnes, Australian actress [category: Births]
• 1987: Michael Bradley, American soccer player [category: Births]
• 1987: Joseph E. Levine, American film producer (b, 1905) [category: Deaths]
• 1987: A rare, class F4 tornado rips through Edmonton, Alberta, killing 27 people and causing $330 million in damage. [category: Events]
• 1988: A. J. Green, American football player [category: Births]
• 1988: Krystal Meyers, American singer-songwriter [category: Births]
• 1988: Trinidad Silva, American actor (b. 1950) [category: Deaths]
• 1988: 32 people are killed and 1,674 injured when a bridge at the Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal collapses in Butterworth, Penang, Malaysia. [category: Events]
• 1989: Alexis Knapp, American actress [category: Births]
• 1989: Jessica Williams, American comedian and actress [category: Births]
• 1989: Joey Richter, American actor and singer [category: Births]
• 1989: Victoria Azarenka, Belarusian tennis player [category: Births]
• 1989: Zelda Williams, American actress [category: Births]
• 1990: Besart Abdurahimi, Croatian footballer [category: Births]
• 1990: Mirela, Spanish singer [category: Births]
• 1990: Albert Leduc, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1902) [category: Deaths]
• 1991: Réka-Luca Jani, Hungarian tennis player [category: Births]
• 1991: The Medininkai Massacre in Lithuania. Soviet OMON attacks Lithuanian customs post in Medininkai, killing 7 officers and severely wounding one other. [category: Events]
• 1991: The United States and Soviet Union both sign the START I Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, the first to reduce (with verification) both countries' stockpiles. [category: Events]
• 1992: Lizzy, South Korean singer, dancer, and actress (After School and Orange Caramel) [category: Births]
• 1992: Leonard Cheshire, British pilot (b. 1917) [category: Deaths]
• 1992: China General Aviation Flight 7552 from Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport to Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport crashes after taking off, killing 108 of the 116 people on board. [category: Events]
• 1992: Georgia joins the United Nations. [category: Events]
• 1992: Thai Airways International Flight 311 crashes into a mountain north of Kathmandu, Nepal killing all 113 people on board. [category: Events]
• 1993: Christian Byers, Australian actor [category: Births]
• 1993: Baudouin of Belgium (b. 1930) [category: Deaths]
• 1996: Blake Michael, American actor [category: Births]
• 1997: Barbie Forteza, Filipino actress [category: Births]
• 1998: Rico Rodriguez, American actor [category: Births]
• 1999: Discovery Program: Lunar Prospector – NASA intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the moon's surface. [category: Events]
• 2001: Francisco da Costa Gomes, Portuguese military officer and politician, 16th President of Portugal (b. 1914) [category: Deaths]
• 2001: Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1910) [category: Deaths]
• 2001: Poul Anderson, American author (b. 1926) [category: Deaths]
• 2002: Hebrew University of Jerusalem is attacked when a bomb explodes in a cafeteria, killing 9. [category: Events]
• 2003: Guido Crepax, Italian illustrator and writer (b. 1933) [category: Deaths]
• 2004: Laura Betti, Italian actress (b. 1927) [category: Deaths]
• 2004: Virginia Grey, American actress (b. 1917) [category: Deaths]
• 2005: Wim Duisenberg, Dutch banker (b. 1935) [category: Deaths]
• 2006: Paul Eells, American sportscaster (b. 1935) [category: Deaths]
• 2006: Fidel Castro hands over power to brother Raúl Castro. [category: Events]
• 2007: Operation Banner, the presence of the British Army in Northern Ireland, and the longest-running British Army operation ever, comes to an end. [category: Events]
• 2009: Bobby Robson, English footballer and manager (b. 1933) [category: Deaths]
• 2009: Harry Alan Towers, English producer and screenwriter (b. 1920) [category: Deaths]
• 2012: Abdi Jeylani Malaq Marshale, Somali journalist and comedian (b. 1969) [category: Deaths]
• 2012: Alfredo Ramos, Brazilian footballer and coach (b. 1924) [category: Deaths]
• 2012: Bill Doss, American singer-songwriter (The Olivia Tremor Control and The Sunshine Fix) (b. 1971) [category: Deaths]
• 2012: Eduardo Quesada, Argentine singer (Los Fronterizos) (b. 1942) [category: Deaths]
• 2012: Gore Vidal, American author, actor, and activist (b. 1925) [category: Deaths]
• 2012: Lucio Quarantotto, Italian songwriter and composer (b. 1957) [category: Deaths]
• 2012: Tony Sly, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (No Use for a Name) (b. 1970) [category: Deaths]
• 2012: Michael Phelps breaks the record set in 1964 by Larisa Latynina for the greatest number of medals won at the Olympics. [category: Events]
• 30_bc: Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide. [category: Events]
• 450: Peter Chrysologus, Italian Bishop of Ravenna (b. 380) [category: Deaths]
• 54_bc: Aurelia Cotta, mother of Julius Caesar (b. 120 BC) [category: Deaths]
• 781: The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: July 6, 781). [category: Events]
• 855: Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Arab scholar and theologian (b. 780) [category: Deaths]
• 904: Thessalonica falls to the Arabs, who destroy the city. [category: Events]
• _: Christian Feast Day: [category: Holidays and observances]
• _: End of the Trinity term (sitting of the High Court of Justice of England) [category: Holidays and observances]
• _: Germanus of Auxerre [category: Holidays and observances]
• _: Ignatius of Loyola [category: Holidays and observances]
• _: July 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) [category: Holidays and observances]
• _: Ka Hae Hawaiʻi Day, a Flag Day. (Hawaii) [category: Holidays and observances]
• _: Neot [category: Holidays and observances]